Improve example

source/chapter3.adoc

@@ -1,102 +1,126 @@
-== Chapter 3
+== Chapter 3: Exploring Ecosystems
 
-Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed et pharetra purus.
-Nullam laoreet consequat maximus. Etiam in ipsum nec est iaculis fringilla vel
-nec leo. Mauris a felis ut justo aliquet ultricies vitae quis ligula. Maecenas
-et mauris mollis, egestas mauris dapibus, pulvinar lacus. Donec ut libero
-ligula. Integer efficitur turpis et efficitur viverra. Etiam vestibulum, ipsum
-eget venenatis commodo, mauris purus fermentum lorem, a convallis nunc leo id
-ipsum.
+=== Introduction
 
-=== Part 1
+Ecosystems are complex networks of organisms and their environment. This chapter explores different types of ecosystems, their structures, and the interactions within them.
 
-Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum dictum quam
-nec metus consequat, sit amet consectetur justo posuere. Proin rutrum nibh
-nisl, ut condimentum magna hendrerit non. Vestibulum ornare velit mauris, a
-auctor magna porttitor ut. Nullam turpis mi, pharetra nec tempor eget, feugiat
-id augue. Sed turpis sem, vehicula quis mollis porttitor, feugiat non orci.
-Pellentesque mattis tortor et hendrerit dapibus. Nulla scelerisque dui id nunc
-pellentesque, a iaculis dui commodo. Ut elit libero, porta sed mattis a,
-venenatis eu turpis. Ut ultrices ipsum ut dolor suscipit imperdiet. Duis vitae
-mi arcu.
+=== Terrestrial Ecosystems
 
-Aenean sed dui risus. Integer vulputate, augue sed mattis consectetur, elit
-erat ornare lacus, quis posuere ex massa eget mi. Curabitur dictum libero nunc,
-sed ullamcorper orci bibendum et. Sed nec gravida sapien. Cras eget efficitur
-tortor, vitae mollis nunc. Maecenas imperdiet iaculis varius. Morbi non nibh at
-velit congue sodales. Ut semper tincidunt tristique.
+Terrestrial ecosystems are found on land and include forests, grasslands, deserts, and tundras.
 
-=== Part 2
+[plantuml, forest_diagram, png, width=600, align=center]
+----
+@startuml
+!define RECTANGLE class
+package "Forest Ecosystem" {
+  RECTANGLE "Trees" as Trees
+  RECTANGLE "Shrubs" as Shrubs
+  RECTANGLE "Herbivores" as Herbivores
+  RECTANGLE "Carnivores" as Carnivores
+  RECTANGLE "Decomposers" as Decomposers
 
-Fusce sollicitudin mauris at ligula tristique egestas. Phasellus eget diam
-mauris. Pellentesque congue eros nec venenatis rhoncus. Fusce id accumsan
-tellus. Suspendisse non luctus enim, ac tincidunt sem. Aenean sit amet rhoncus
-nisi. Pellentesque a scelerisque dolor. Praesent tempor in arcu nec porta. Sed
-lorem dui, congue eget vestibulum sed, efficitur pulvinar magna. Quisque tempor
-posuere bibendum. Nullam luctus lobortis sem et lacinia. Quisque eros mi,
-molestie id elit nec, imperdiet egestas ligula. Curabitur lobortis augue a odio
-tincidunt, id gravida tellus rutrum. Vestibulum nec hendrerit orci, nec
-fermentum ante.
+  Trees --> Shrubs
+  Shrubs --> Herbivores
+  Herbivores --> Carnivores
+  Carnivores --> Decomposers
+}
+@enduml
+----
 
-Nullam placerat sed metus sed interdum. Vestibulum ligula tellus, rhoncus eu
-diam ullamcorper, finibus imperdiet dui. Proin fringilla magna quis sapien
-scelerisque, id mattis sapien accumsan. Maecenas justo ligula, varius id ligula
-a, ultrices accumsan mauris. Etiam ut odio lacus. Nam sed ex libero. Morbi enim
-ex, blandit tempus pellentesque eu, posuere non velit. Proin interdum odio eget
-arcu blandit faucibus.
+==== Forest Ecosystem
 
-=== Part 3
+Forests are characterized by a high density of trees. They are vital for maintaining biodiversity and regulating the global climate.
 
-Nam neque ex, euismod et viverra id, luctus at tellus. Suspendisse dapibus
-euismod justo ac posuere. Mauris eget eros arcu. Mauris sit amet feugiat
-lectus, eget efficitur sem. Aenean id erat eget metus tincidunt condimentum.
-Praesent mollis maximus tortor tempor placerat. Vivamus sed lorem eu libero
-tempus finibus ac vitae massa.
+image::forest_2.jpg[Forest, width=500, align=center]
 
-Etiam pretium aliquet tellus, vel facilisis erat sagittis quis. Sed cursus
-tempus nibh a bibendum. Suspendisse potenti. Cras mattis aliquet est, et rutrum
-velit cursus a. Nunc quis nibh sed massa volutpat efficitur non et ante. Ut
-tempor sollicitudin massa eget luctus. Sed scelerisque magna dolor, nec viverra
-justo consequat vel. Vestibulum condimentum neque in eros eleifend, quis
-hendrerit ligula hendrerit. Cras sed porta dui. Vestibulum eu diam vitae lorem
-convallis imperdiet. Quisque gravida a turpis vel porta. Nullam cursus, nibh
-eget finibus finibus, elit ex volutpat ligula, eget tempor mi metus eu est.
-Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum faucibus
-venenatis erat, id malesuada massa fringilla vel. Nam justo dolor, placerat
-quis lectus pulvinar, imperdiet iaculis tellus. Vestibulum ut magna risus.
+. Components of a Forest Ecosystem
+* Trees
+* Shrubs
+* Herbivores
+* Carnivores
+* Decomposers
 
-=== Part 4
+=== Aquatic Ecosystems
 
-Curabitur in luctus enim. Aliquam ullamcorper vulputate nunc, quis aliquam ex
-semper non. Ut placerat leo vitae tristique lobortis. Morbi feugiat condimentum
-sapien et feugiat. Nam commodo tellus id felis placerat consectetur. Duis eu
-felis interdum, fermentum turpis sed, accumsan turpis. Ut scelerisque ornare
-diam quis mattis. Integer lacinia quam nec lacinia imperdiet. Morbi congue,
-massa vitae euismod dapibus, augue odio tincidunt justo, eu volutpat erat justo
-a enim. Integer dictum erat non felis interdum, eu elementum mauris eleifend.
-Curabitur diam mauris, faucibus ut consectetur sed, bibendum vitae dui. Duis
-quis euismod eros.
+Aquatic ecosystems are found in water environments and include freshwater and marine ecosystems.
 
-=== Part 4.1
+[plantuml, marine_ecosystem, png, width=600, align=center]
+----
+@startuml
+package "Marine Ecosystem" {
+  node "Phytoplankton" as Phytoplankton
+  node "Zooplankton" as Zooplankton
+  node "Small Fish" as SmallFish
+  node "Large Fish" as LargeFish
+  node "Sharks" as Sharks
 
-Sed in eros aliquam, pellentesque nunc vitae, tempus tellus. Sed tincidunt ex
-leo, in pulvinar purus rutrum a. Duis dictum, lacus ut interdum tincidunt,
-purus tortor placerat urna, non tristique justo ligula interdum neque. Integer
-in quam sit amet mi fringilla molestie sit amet id nisl. Nulla facilisi. Mauris
-nulla felis, rhoncus a dapibus eget, pellentesque sit amet metus. Sed finibus
-eu diam at tempor. Nam porttitor tincidunt est gravida tempor. Donec eleifend
-sapien sem, sit amet pellentesque lorem viverra id. Morbi ac tortor semper,
-mollis felis non, accumsan nibh. Duis lectus ex, bibendum eget nibh ac, laoreet
-aliquam metus. Proin dapibus nunc vitae eros malesuada, eu suscipit sem
-bibendum. Phasellus luctus aliquet eros quis posuere. Nullam lectus leo, mattis
-eu arcu eget, interdum finibus ipsum. Fusce imperdiet mauris quis arcu pulvinar
-gravida.
+  Phytoplankton -> Zooplankton
+  Zooplankton -> SmallFish
+  SmallFish -> LargeFish
+  LargeFish -> Sharks
+}
+@enduml
+----
 
-=== Part 4.2
+==== Marine Ecosystem
 
-Vestibulum sed sapien vel dui aliquet mollis ac eu nisl. Sed nec ante vel nibh
-faucibus accumsan. Phasellus tincidunt lorem sit amet dolor egestas molestie.
-Pellentesque maximus porta lorem vel ultrices. Pellentesque habitant morbi
-tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Nullam et
-molestie dui. Maecenas at mi mollis lectus ultrices blandit vel sed arcu. Donec
-eget sapien mollis mauris pharetra vulputate.
+Marine ecosystems are the largest of Earth's aquatic ecosystems and are distinguished by their high salt content.
+
+image::marine.jpg[Marine, width=500, align=center]
+
+. Components of a Marine Ecosystem
+* Phytoplankton
+* Zooplankton
+* Small Fish
+* Large Fish
+* Sharks
+
+=== Energy Flow in Ecosystems
+
+Energy flows through ecosystems via food chains and food webs, starting with producers and moving up to apex predators.
+
+[mermaid, energy_flow, png, width=600, align=center]
+----
+graph TD
+    A[Sun] --> B[Plants]
+    B --> C[Herbivores]
+    C --> D[Carnivores]
+    D --> E[Decomposers]
+----
+
+=== Nutrient Cycling
+
+Nutrients cycle through ecosystems, ensuring that essential elements are reused and recycled.
+
+[mermaid, nutrient_cycle, png, width=600, align=center]
+----
+graph LR
+    A[Plants] --> B[Animals]
+    B --> C[Decomposers]
+    C --> D[Soil]
+    D --> A
+----
+
+=== Conclusion
+
+Understanding ecosystems is crucial for environmental conservation and management. By studying the interactions within ecosystems, we can better protect and sustain our natural world.
+
+=== Further Reading
+
+For more information on ecosystems and their importance, check out the following resources:
+
+* https://www.worldwildlife.org[World Wildlife Fund]
+* https://www.nature.org[The Nature Conservancy]
+* https://www.nationalgeographic.com[National Geographic]
+
+=== References
+
+1. Odum, E. P. (1971). _Fundamentals of Ecology_. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.
+2. Chapin, F. S., Matson, P. A., & Mooney, H. A. (2002). _Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology_. New York: Springer.
+
+=== Appendix
+
+==== Image and Diagram Credits
+
+* Forest: Photo by Steven Kamenar on Unsplash
+* Marine: Photo by Polina Kuzovkova on Unsplash

source/chapter4.adoc

@@ -1,94 +1,123 @@
-== Chapter 4
+== Chapter 4: Mathematics in Nature
 
-Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed et pharetra purus.
-Nullam laoreet consequat maximus. Etiam in ipsum nec est iaculis fringilla vel
-nec leo. Mauris a felis ut justo aliquet ultricies vitae quis ligula. Maecenas
-et mauris mollis, egestas mauris dapibus, pulvinar lacus. Donec ut libero
-ligula. Integer efficitur turpis et efficitur viverra. Etiam vestibulum, ipsum
-eget venenatis commodo, mauris purus fermentum lorem, a convallis nunc leo id
-ipsum.
+=== Introduction
 
-Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum dictum quam
-nec metus consequat, sit amet consectetur justo posuere. Proin rutrum nibh
-nisl, ut condimentum magna hendrerit non. Vestibulum ornare velit mauris, a
-auctor magna porttitor ut. Nullam turpis mi, pharetra nec tempor eget, feugiat
-id augue. Sed turpis sem, vehicula quis mollis porttitor, feugiat non orci.
-Pellentesque mattis tortor et hendrerit dapibus. Nulla scelerisque dui id nunc
-pellentesque, a iaculis dui commodo. Ut elit libero, porta sed mattis a,
-venenatis eu turpis. Ut ultrices ipsum ut dolor suscipit imperdiet. Duis vitae
-mi arcu.
+Mathematics is the language of nature. From the intricate patterns of seashells to the vastness of the cosmos, mathematical principles can be found everywhere. This chapter explores some fascinating mathematical concepts observed in nature.
 
-Aenean sed dui risus. Integer vulputate, augue sed mattis consectetur, elit
-erat ornare lacus, quis posuere ex massa eget mi. Curabitur dictum libero nunc,
-sed ullamcorper orci bibendum et. Sed nec gravida sapien. Cras eget efficitur
-tortor, vitae mollis nunc. Maecenas imperdiet iaculis varius. Morbi non nibh at
-velit congue sodales. Ut semper tincidunt tristique.
+=== The Fibonacci Sequence
 
-Fusce sollicitudin mauris at ligula tristique egestas. Phasellus eget diam
-mauris. Pellentesque congue eros nec venenatis rhoncus. Fusce id accumsan
-tellus. Suspendisse non luctus enim, ac tincidunt sem. Aenean sit amet rhoncus
-nisi. Pellentesque a scelerisque dolor. Praesent tempor in arcu nec porta. Sed
-lorem dui, congue eget vestibulum sed, efficitur pulvinar magna. Quisque tempor
-posuere bibendum. Nullam luctus lobortis sem et lacinia. Quisque eros mi,
-molestie id elit nec, imperdiet egestas ligula. Curabitur lobortis augue a odio
-tincidunt, id gravida tellus rutrum. Vestibulum nec hendrerit orci, nec
-fermentum ante.
+The Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, usually starting with 0 and 1. This sequence appears in various natural phenomena.
 
-Nullam placerat sed metus sed interdum. Vestibulum ligula tellus, rhoncus eu
-diam ullamcorper, finibus imperdiet dui. Proin fringilla magna quis sapien
-scelerisque, id mattis sapien accumsan. Maecenas justo ligula, varius id ligula
-a, ultrices accumsan mauris. Etiam ut odio lacus. Nam sed ex libero. Morbi enim
-ex, blandit tempus pellentesque eu, posuere non velit. Proin interdum odio eget
-arcu blandit faucibus.
+[stem]
+++++
+F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2)
+++++
 
-Nam neque ex, euismod et viverra id, luctus at tellus. Suspendisse dapibus
-euismod justo ac posuere. Mauris eget eros arcu. Mauris sit amet feugiat
-lectus, eget efficitur sem. Aenean id erat eget metus tincidunt condimentum.
-Praesent mollis maximus tortor tempor placerat. Vivamus sed lorem eu libero
-tempus finibus ac vitae massa.
+==== Fibonacci in Nature
 
-Etiam pretium aliquet tellus, vel facilisis erat sagittis quis. Sed cursus
-tempus nibh a bibendum. Suspendisse potenti. Cras mattis aliquet est, et rutrum
-velit cursus a. Nunc quis nibh sed massa volutpat efficitur non et ante. Ut
-tempor sollicitudin massa eget luctus. Sed scelerisque magna dolor, nec viverra
-justo consequat vel. Vestibulum condimentum neque in eros eleifend, quis
-hendrerit ligula hendrerit. Cras sed porta dui. Vestibulum eu diam vitae lorem
-convallis imperdiet. Quisque gravida a turpis vel porta. Nullam cursus, nibh
-eget finibus finibus, elit ex volutpat ligula, eget tempor mi metus eu est.
-Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum faucibus
-venenatis erat, id malesuada massa fringilla vel. Nam justo dolor, placerat
-quis lectus pulvinar, imperdiet iaculis tellus. Vestibulum ut magna risus.
+The Fibonacci sequence can be seen in the arrangement of leaves on a stem, the branching of trees, and the spiral patterns of shells.
 
-Curabitur in luctus enim. Aliquam ullamcorper vulputate nunc, quis aliquam ex
-semper non. Ut placerat leo vitae tristique lobortis. Morbi feugiat condimentum
-sapien et feugiat. Nam commodo tellus id felis placerat consectetur. Duis eu
-felis interdum, fermentum turpis sed, accumsan turpis. Ut scelerisque ornare
-diam quis mattis. Integer lacinia quam nec lacinia imperdiet. Morbi congue,
-massa vitae euismod dapibus, augue odio tincidunt justo, eu volutpat erat justo
-a enim. Integer dictum erat non felis interdum, eu elementum mauris eleifend.
-Curabitur diam mauris, faucibus ut consectetur sed, bibendum vitae dui. Duis
-quis euismod eros.
+image::fibonacci_spiral.jpg[Fibonacci Spiral, width=500, align=center]
 
-=== Part 1
+. Fibonacci Sequence
+* 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ...
 
-Sed in eros aliquam, pellentesque nunc vitae, tempus tellus. Sed tincidunt ex
-leo, in pulvinar purus rutrum a. Duis dictum, lacus ut interdum tincidunt,
-purus tortor placerat urna, non tristique justo ligula interdum neque. Integer
-in quam sit amet mi fringilla molestie sit amet id nisl. Nulla facilisi. Mauris
-nulla felis, rhoncus a dapibus eget, pellentesque sit amet metus. Sed finibus
-eu diam at tempor. Nam porttitor tincidunt est gravida tempor. Donec eleifend
-sapien sem, sit amet pellentesque lorem viverra id. Morbi ac tortor semper,
-mollis felis non, accumsan nibh. Duis lectus ex, bibendum eget nibh ac, laoreet
-aliquam metus. Proin dapibus nunc vitae eros malesuada, eu suscipit sem
-bibendum. Phasellus luctus aliquet eros quis posuere. Nullam lectus leo, mattis
-eu arcu eget, interdum finibus ipsum. Fusce imperdiet mauris quis arcu pulvinar
-gravida.
+=== The Golden Ratio
 
-=== Part 2
+The golden ratio, often denoted by the Greek letter φ (phi), is an irrational number approximately equal to 1.6180339887. It appears in various aspects of art, architecture, and nature.
 
-Vestibulum sed sapien vel dui aliquet mollis ac eu nisl. Sed nec ante vel nibh
-faucibus accumsan. Phasellus tincidunt lorem sit amet dolor egestas molestie.
-Pellentesque maximus porta lorem vel ultrices. Pellentesque habitant morbi
-tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Nullam et
-molestie dui. Maecenas at mi mollis lectus ultrices blandit vel sed arcu. Donec
-eget sapien mollis mauris pharetra vulputate.
+[stem]
+++++
+\phi = \frac{1 + \sqrt{5}}{2} \approx 1.6180339887
+++++
+
+==== Golden Ratio in Nature
+
+The golden ratio can be observed in the proportions of the human body, the arrangement of leaves, and the patterns of flower petals.
+
+image::golden_ratio.jpg[Golden Ratio, width=500, align=center]
+
+=== Fractals
+
+Fractals are complex patterns that look similar at any scale and can be created using simple iterative processes. They are prevalent in nature, seen in the branching of trees, the structure of snowflakes, and the formation of coastlines.
+
+[stem]
+++++
+z_{n+1} = z_n^2 + c
+++++
+
+[plantuml, fractal_diagram, png, width=600, align=center]
+----
+@startuml
+skinparam backgroundcolor white
+class Fractal {
+  + self-similarity
+  + iterative process
+}
+class Tree {
+  + branches
+}
+class Snowflake {
+  + arms
+}
+class Coastline {
+  + jagged edges
+}
+Fractal <|-- Tree
+Fractal <|-- Snowflake
+Fractal <|-- Coastline
+@enduml
+----
+
+==== Fractals in Nature
+
+Fractals are found in the branching patterns of trees, the structure of Romanesco broccoli, and the veins in leaves.
+
+image::fractal_broccoli.jpg[Fractal Broccoli, width=500, align=center]
+
+=== Calculus in Nature
+
+Calculus, the mathematical study of continuous change, helps describe various natural phenomena, such as the motion of planets, the growth of populations, and the spread of diseases.
+
+==== Motion of Planets
+
+Isaac Newton used calculus to formulate his laws of motion and universal gravitation. The equations of motion can be described using derivatives and integrals.
+
+[stem]
+++++
+F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}
+++++
+
+==== Population Growth
+
+The logistic growth model describes how populations grow in an environment with limited resources.
+
+[stem]
+++++
+\frac{dP}{dt} = rP \left(1 - \frac{P}{K}\right)
+++++
+
+=== Conclusion
+
+Mathematics provides a powerful framework for understanding the natural world. By studying mathematical principles, we can gain deeper insights into the patterns and processes that govern our universe.
+
+=== Further Reading
+
+For more information on the mathematics of nature, check out the following resources:
+
+* https://www.khanacademy.org[The Khan Academy]
+* https://www.mathsisfun.com[Math is Fun]
+* https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/topic/math-science[NOVA Math]
+
+=== References
+
+1. Stewart, I. (1995). _Nature's Numbers: The Unreal Reality of Mathematical Imagination_. New York: Basic Books.
+2. Devlin, K. (1994). _Mathematics: The New Golden Age_. New York: Columbia University Press.
+
+=== Appendix
+
+==== Image Credits
+
+* Fibonacci Spiral: Image by Juliana Malta on Unsplash
+* Golden Ratio: Image by Laura Gilchrist on Unsplash
+* Fractal Broccoli: Image by VENUS MAJOR on Unsplash