MIndMap und Flashcards
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Betriebssysteme - Flashcards.pdf
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Betriebssysteme - Flashcards.tex
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%
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%
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% das Paket "flashcards" erzeugt Karteikarten zum lernen
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% auf der Vorderseite steht das Buzzword oder die Frage
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% auf der Rückseite steht die Antwort
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% beim ausdrucken auf doppelseitiges Drucken achten
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%
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%
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\documentclass[avery5371]{flashcards}
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage[]{amsmath}
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\usepackage[]{amssymb}
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\cardfrontstyle{headings}
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\begin{document}
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\begin{flashcard}[Einführung]{Wo sind Betriebssysteme zu finden?}
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Computer, Mikroprozessoren, Flugzeuge, Maschinen, Smartphones
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Einführung]{Welches Spektrum decken sie ab?}
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mittlerweile weltweit eingesetzt in Industrie und Privathaushalten
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Einführung]{Welche Arten von Betriebssystemen gibt es?}
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Mainframe, Server, Parallelrechner, Desktop/Laptop, Echtzeit, Eingebettete Systeme
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Einführung]{Welche funktionalen und nichtfunktionalen Eigenschaften spielen dabei eine Rolle?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Prozesszustände und Zustandsmodelle]{Warum existieren Prozesszustände? Gehen Sie speziell auf die Prozesszustände "bereit" und "blockiert" ein.}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Prozesszustände und Zustandsmodelle]{Welches sind die in praktisch jedem Betriebssystem implementierten (grundlegenden) Prozesszustände?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Prozesszustände und Zustandsmodelle]{Nennen Sie Gründe für die Einführung weiterer Prozesszustände. Welche weiteren Prozesszustände sind Ihnen bekannt?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Prozesszustände und Zustandsmodelle]{Was ist die Aufgabe von Zustandsmodellen?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Prozesszustände und Zustandsmodelle]{Charakterisieren Sie das 3/5- und das 7-Zustandsmodell.}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Prozesszustände und Zustandsmodelle]{Welchen Zusammenhang gibt es zwischen Prozesszuständen, Zustandsmodellen und der Automatentheorie?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Scheduler]{Aus welchen Gründen existiert im Betriebssystem die Komponente "Scheduler" und welche Aufgaben hat diese?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Scheduler]{Besitzt jedes Betriebssystem einen Scheduler?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Scheduler]{Charakterisieren Sie die Arbeitsweise eines Schedulers.}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Scheduler]{Welche Vorkommnisse können allgemein zu einer Aktivierung des Schedulers führen?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Scheduling-Strategie und Scheduling-Algorithmus]{Nennen Sie mögliche strategische Ziele des Scheduling.}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Scheduling-Strategie und Scheduling-Algorithmus]{Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Scheduling-Strategie und Scheduling-Algorithmus?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Kontextwechsel]{Was bedeutet es, einen Kontextwechsel auszuführen? Was muss dabei alles getan werden?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Kontextwechsel]{Wodurch entstehen die Kosten eines Kontextwechsels und worauf wirken sich diese aus?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Last und Lastmuster]{Was ist unter "Last" in einem Computer-System zu verstehen?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Last und Lastmuster]{Welche charakteristischen Lastmuster könnten dabei vorliegen?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Last und Lastmuster]{Welcher mögliche Zusammenhang existiert zwischen verschiedenen Lastmustern und verschiedenen Schedulingstrategien?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Batch-Systeme, Interaktive Systeme und Echtzeitsysteme]{Wodurch sind die genannten Systeme jeweils charakterisiert?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Batch-Systeme, Interaktive Systeme und Echtzeitsysteme]{Nennen Sie jeweils geeignete Scheduling-Strategien und charakterisieren Sie diese.}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Privilegierungsebenen]{Welchen Sinn haben Privilegierungsebenen?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Privilegierungsebenen]{Welches sind die grundlegenden, typischerweise verwendeten Privilegierungsebenen?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Privilegierungsebenen]{Wie wirkt sich die Ausführung einer Aktivität in einer bestimmten Privilegierungsebene auf deren Arbeitsweise aus?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Synchronisation \&Kommunikation]{Was versteht man unter einem kritischen Abschnitt?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Synchronisation \&Kommunikation]{Warum darf sich in einem kritischen Abschnitt immer nur 1 Thread aufhalten?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Synchronisation \&Kommunikation]{Wie können kritische Abschnitte geschützt werden?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Synchronisation \&Kommunikation]{Was ist eine exklusiv nutzbare Ressource?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Synchronisation \&Kommunikation]{Welchen Zusammenhang gibt es zu kritischen Abschnitten?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Synchronisation \& Kommunikation]{Welcher Zusammenhang existiert zwischen "exkluviv nutzbarer Ressource", "kritischer Abschnitt" und "race conditions"?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Semaphor]{Beschreiben Sie einen Semaphor?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Semaphor]{Wozu wird er verwendet?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Monitor (Hoar‘scher)]{Beschreiben Sie einen Monitor?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Monitor (Hoar‘scher)]{Wozu wird dieser verwendet?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Monitor (Hoar‘scher)]{Welche Vorteile bieten Monitore gegenüber Semaphoren? }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Monitor (Hoar‘scher)]{Was bedeutet Atomarität (von Anweisungen)?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Monitor (Hoar‘scher)]{Wo ist Atomarität bei Semaphoren notwendig?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Monitor (Hoar‘scher)]{Wie kann Atomarität durch Maschinenbefehle unterstützt werden?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Monitor (Hoar‘scher)]{Wozu dienen Bedingungsvariable bei Monitoren? }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Monitor (Hoar‘scher)]{b) Welche Verwendungsmöglichkeiten von Bedingungsvariablen sind noch denkbar?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Transaktionaler Speicher]{Welche Entwicklungen führten zu Entwicklungsarbeiten bezüglich dieses Konzepts?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Transaktionaler Speicher]{Verbirgt sich hinter diesem Konzept eine pessimistische oder eine optimistische Herangehensweise an die Synchronisationsproblematik – und warum?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Botschaften und botschaftenbasierte Kommunikation]{Unter welchen Bedingungen muss botschaftenbasierte Kommunikation zur Anwendung kommen?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Botschaften und botschaftenbasierte Kommunikation]{Charakterisieren Sie die 2 elementaren Methoden zur Realisierung botschaftenbasierter Kommunikation!}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Fernaufrufe]{Warum wird unter den entsprechenden Bedingungen (siehe oben) nicht alle Kommunikation über Botschaften abgewickelt – was ist das Besondere an den stattdessen auch verwendeten Prozedurfernaufrufen bzw. Methodenfernaufrufen?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Fernaufrufe]{Wie ist die Kommunikation in Mikrokern-Betriebssystemen organisiert?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Systemaufrufe]{Welchem Zweck dienen Systemaufrufe?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Systemaufrufe]{Welche Beispiele von Systemaufrufen sind Ihnen bekannt? – Wozu dienen diese jeweils?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Systemaufrufe]{Warum realisieren Systemaufrufe keinen direkten Einsprung in den Betriebssystemkern?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Systemaufrufe]{Mit welchen Problemen muss bei der Realisierung von Systemaufrufen umgegangen werden – und wie sehen die Lösungen aus?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Ereignisse und Ereignismanagement]{Welche Dinge sind im Betriebssystemkontext Ereignisse?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Ereignisse und Ereignismanagement]{Welche Möglichkeiten gibt es, mit Ereignissen umzugehen?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Ereignisse und Ereignismanagement]{Welche Vorteile bieten Interrupts (Unterbrechungen)?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Ereignisse und Ereignismanagement]{Welche drei Modelle gibt es zum Umgang mit Interrupts?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Ereignisse und Ereignismanagement]{Was sind Interruptvektor, Interruptvektortabelle und Interrupt-Service-Routinen?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Ereignisse und Ereignismanagement]{Warum und inwieweit ist die Rechner-Hardware in die Interrupt-Bearbeitung involviert?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Ereignisse und Ereignismanagement]{Was versteht man unter Interrupts auf Anwendungsebene und wie kann damit umgegangen werden?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Eigenschaften sollte ein idealer Speicher haben?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Warum gibt es stattdessen in der Praxis Speicher-Hierarchien?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Charakterisieren Sie (grob) die bei Speicherhierarchien zum Einsatz kommenden Technologien und Speicherklassen.}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Was sollte ein Arbeitsspeicher können?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Aus welchem Grund wurde die Relokation von Prozessen erforderlich – und was wird hierdurch erreicht?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Nachteile bringt die Relokation mit sich?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Wie "funktioniert" Relokation – technisch gesehen? }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Technik "steckt" hinter dem Begriff "Swapping"? }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Probleme werden hiermit gelöst – welche nicht? }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche neuen Probleme entstehen durch diese Technik (Swapping)?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Verfahren der Speicherverwaltung werden als Realspeicherverwaltung (im Gegensatz zu virtueller Speicherverwaltung) bezeichnet?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welches sind Grundidee und Zweck des virtuellen Speichers? }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Wie wird virtueller Speicher implementiert? }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Rolle spielt dabei eine Memory Management Unit (MMU)? }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Was versteht man unter "virtueller Speicher" und "virtuelles Speichermanagement"? }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Was versteht man ganz allgemein unter einem Adressraum? }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Erklären Sie die Begriffe "Adressraum eines Prozesses", "physischer Adressraum" und "virtueller Adressraum" in ausreichender Tiefe. }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welchem Zweck dient die genannte Abbildung $vm_p$? }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Warum wird für jeden virtuellen Adressraum eine individuelle Abbildung benötigt?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Aus welchem Grund gibt es unbenutzte bzw. undefinierte Adressbereiche? }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Wieso realisiert vm p nur eine partielle Abbildung des virtuellen in den physischen Adressraum? }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Durch welchen Effekt wird durch vm p die Isolation verschiedener virtueller Adressräume erreicht? }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Warum kann es Ausnahmen von dieser Isolation geben – und was soll hierdurch ermöglicht werden? }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Aufgaben hat eine MMU? }
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Könnten die Aufgaben einer MMU auch ohne eine solche gelöst werden – und welche Nachteile hätte dies gegebenenfalls?}
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?
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\end{flashcard}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Was versteht man jeweils unter "Seite" (page) und Seitenrahmen (page frame) im Kontext der virtuellen Speicherverwaltung? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Aufgaben hat die Seiten(abbildungs)tabelle? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Struktur hat ein Seitentabelleneintrag?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Problemfelder existieren bei der virtuellen Speicherverwaltung (VMM)?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Lösungsmöglichkeiten existieren für die Probleme 1 bis 3?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Was ist unter einem Seitenfehler zu verstehen – und wie kommt ein solcher zustande? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Was ist ein Seitenfehler-Interrupt – und welchem Zweck dient er? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Aufgaben lösen jeweils die Hardware bzw. die Software im Zusammenhang mit einem Seitenfehler-Interrupt?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Was ist der Translation Look-aside Buffer und welche Funktion hat er? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Was ist bei der Verwaltung (Management) des TLB zu beachten? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche prinzipielle Frage stellt sich bei den Seitenaustausch-Algorithmen?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Was versteht man unter der optimalen Seitenaustausch-Strategie – und warum wendet man diese aber nicht an?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Worin besteht die Grundannahme bei der First-In-First-Out-Strategie und was ist von dieser zu halten? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Vorteile besitzt sie trotzdem? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Wodurch verbessert die Second-Chance-Strategie die FIFO-Strategie?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Vor- und Nachteile besitzt die Second-Chance-Strategie? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Wie unterscheidet sich die Grundannahme der LRU-Strategie von derder Second-Chance-Strategie?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Warum sind die Voraussetzungen zur Realisierung von LRU "teuer" – und wie sehen tatsächliche technische Realisierungen aus? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Komponenten eines Seitentabelleneintrags sind für die technischen Realisierungen von LRU erforderlich?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Was versteht man unter dem Working Set ("Arbeitsmenge") eines Prozesses?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Von welcher Grundannahme geht die Working-Set-Strategie aus – und welcher Typ von Seiten sind hier Auslagerungskandidaten? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Wie ist die Arbeitsmenge eines Prozesses definiert? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Komponenten eines Seitentabelleneintrags sind zu einer technischen Realisierung der Working-Set-Strategie erforderlich? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Wie ist die Working-Set-Strategie einzuschätzen (Bewertung)? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Wie funktioniert die WSClock-Strategie?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche (schon vorher bekannten) Ideen wurden für die WSClock verwendet? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Welche Probleme werden mittels Segmentierung gelöst?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Speichermanagement]{Wie funktioniert Segmentierung mit Paging – und wozu ist diese Verfahrensweise gut?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Wozu werden Dateien benutzt?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Wie ist eine Datei definiert? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Welche wichtigen Eigenschaften sollten Dateien haben – und warum?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Welche Aufgabe haben Dateimodelle?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Wodurch unterscheiden sich verschiedene Dateimodelle? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Wozu werden (symbolische) Dateinamen benutzt?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Welche Transparenzeigenschaften können durch die Gestaltung der Dateinamen ausgedrückt werden? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Was ist ein hierarchischer Namensraum und welche Vorteil hat er?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Eigenschaft besitzt der hierarchischer Namensraum? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Welche Vorteile besitzen unstrukturierte Dateien? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Warum gibt es trotzdem strukturierte Dateien? }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Nennen Sie typische Dateiattribute. }
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Was sind Sicherheitsattribute und wie können diese aussehen?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Welche Dateioperationen werden in jedem Dateisystem benötigt?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Welche Funktion haben die Operationen "lseek" und "mmap" – und käme man auch ohne diese beiden Funktionen aus?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Welche Aufgaben haben Dateisysteme?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Was ist Ihnen über das physische Layout von Magnetplatten bekannt?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Charakterisieren Sie den Begriff "Sektor" – warum ist er wichtig?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Welches sind wichtige Parameter von Speichermedien?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Wie unterscheiden sich die Eigenschaften von Magnetplatten und SSDs prinzipiell?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Welche prinzipiellen Management-Datenstrukturen gibt es?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Welche Informationen enthält ein i-Node?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Welche Aufgaben haben Verzeichnisse?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Wie kann ein symbolischer hierarchischer Namensraum dargestellt werden?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Durch welche 2 Formen können freie Speicherbereiche beschrieben werden?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Was wird durch den Superblock beschrieben?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Welche prinzipiellen Informationen sind hier zu finden?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Beschreiben Sie die einzelnen Schritte verschiedener Dateizugriffsarten}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{flashcard}[Dateisysteme]{Welche Management-Datenstrukturen sind dabei und zu welchem Zweck beteiligt?}
|
||||
?
|
||||
\end{flashcard}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
\end{document}
|
@ -1,5 +1,20 @@
|
||||
Fragen und Fragestellungen zum Verständnis zur Vorlesung
|
||||
|
||||
# Einführung
|
||||
> Wo sind Betriebssysteme zu finden?
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
> Welches Spektrum decken sie ab?
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
> Welche Arten von Betriebssystemen gibt es?
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
> Welche funktionalen und nichtfunktionalen Eigenschaften spielen dabei eine Rolle?
|
||||
|
||||
# Prozesszustände und Zustandsmodelle
|
||||
> Warum existieren Prozesszustände? Gehen Sie speziell auf die Prozesszustände „bereit“ und „blockiert“ ein.
|
||||
|
||||
|
BIN
Betriebssysteme - MindMap.pdf
Normal file
BIN
Betriebssysteme - MindMap.pdf
Normal file
Binary file not shown.
275
Betriebssysteme - MindMap.tex
Normal file
275
Betriebssysteme - MindMap.tex
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
|
||||
\documentclass[a4pape]{article}
|
||||
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
|
||||
\usepackage{tikz}
|
||||
\usepackage{pdflscape}
|
||||
\usetikzlibrary{mindmap}
|
||||
|
||||
%%%% Predefined Colors: black, blue, brown, cyan, darkgray, gray, green, lightgray, lime, magenta, olive, orange, pink, purple, red, teal, violet, white, yellow.
|
||||
|
||||
\pagestyle{empty}
|
||||
\begin{document}
|
||||
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Überblick
|
||||
\begin{tikzpicture}[ mindmap, grow cyclic, every node/.style=concept, concept color=black!10,
|
||||
level 1/.append style={level distance=4cm},
|
||||
level 2/.append style={level distance=3cm, sibling angle=30},
|
||||
every node/.append style={scale=0.8}]
|
||||
|
||||
\node{Betriebssysteme}
|
||||
child [concept color=red!30]{ node {Prozessor-management}
|
||||
child { node {Prozess-erzeugung}}
|
||||
child { node {Prozess-terminierung}}
|
||||
child { node {Threads}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child [concept color=green!30]{ node {Scheduling}
|
||||
child { node {Scheduler-aktivierung}}
|
||||
child { node {Scheduling Strategien}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child [concept color=blue!30]{ node {Privilegierungs-ebenen}}
|
||||
child [concept color=yellow!30]{ node {Kommunikation und\\Synchronisation}
|
||||
child { node {Elementare Konzepte}}
|
||||
child { node {wechselseitiger Ausschluss}}
|
||||
child { node {Mechanismen}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child [concept color=orange!30]{ node {Speicher-management}
|
||||
child { node {Speicher-technologien}}
|
||||
child { node {Speicher-klassen}}
|
||||
child { node {Relokation}}
|
||||
child { node {Swapping}}
|
||||
child { node {Virtueller Speicher}}
|
||||
child { node {Segmentierung}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child [concept color=lime!30]{ node {Dateisystem}
|
||||
child { node {Dateimodelle}}
|
||||
child { node {Dateisysteme}}
|
||||
child { node {Datenstrukturen \& Algorithmen}}
|
||||
};
|
||||
\end{tikzpicture}
|
||||
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Grundbegriffe
|
||||
\begin{tikzpicture}[ mindmap, grow cyclic, every node/.style=concept, concept color=black!40,
|
||||
level 1/.append style={level distance=4cm, sibling angle=120},
|
||||
level 2/.append style={level distance=3cm, sibling angle=30},
|
||||
every node/.append style={scale=0.8}]
|
||||
\node{Grundbegriffe}
|
||||
child[concept color=red!30]{node{Funktionale Eigenschaften}
|
||||
child{node{Authentisierung, Verschlüsselung}}
|
||||
child{node{Informations-management}}
|
||||
child{node{Kommunikations-management}}
|
||||
child{node{Ressourcen-management}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child[concept color=green!30]{node{Nichtfunktionale Eigenschaften}
|
||||
child{node{Sicherheit}}
|
||||
child{node{Korrektheit}}
|
||||
child{node{Echtzeitfähigkeit}}
|
||||
child{node{Skalierbarkeit}}
|
||||
child{node{Offenheit}}
|
||||
child{node{Sparsamkeit}}
|
||||
child{node{Verfügbarkeit}}
|
||||
child{node{Robustheit}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child[concept color=blue!30]{node{Betriebssysteme}
|
||||
child{ node {Mainframe Betriebssystem}
|
||||
child{ node {performante E/A}}
|
||||
child{ node {Massen-daten-verarbeitung}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child{ node {Server Betriebssystem}
|
||||
child{ node {Web Server, Fileshare}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child{ node {Parallelrechner Betriebssystem}
|
||||
child{ node {parallele Algorithmen mit hohem Rechenbedarf}}
|
||||
child{ node {schnelle IPC}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child{ node {Desktop/Laptop Betriebssystem}
|
||||
child{ node {Interaktivität \& Responsivität}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child{ node {Echtzeit Betriebssystem}
|
||||
child{ node {Einhaltung zeitlicher Garantien}}
|
||||
child{ node {Fahrzeug-, Anlagensteuerung}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child{ node {Eingebettete Systeme}
|
||||
child{ node {in Fahrzeugen, Kaffeemaschinen...}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
;
|
||||
\end{tikzpicture}
|
||||
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Prozessormanagement
|
||||
\begin{tikzpicture}[ mindmap, grow cyclic, every node/.style=concept, concept color=red!40,
|
||||
level 1/.append style={level distance=4cm, sibling angle=90},
|
||||
level 2/.append style={level distance=3cm, sibling angle=35},
|
||||
every node/.append style={scale=0.8}]
|
||||
\node{Prozessormanagement}
|
||||
child[concept color=blue!30] { node {Prozesserzeugung}
|
||||
child { node {Vorraus-setzungen}
|
||||
child { node {Rechte}}
|
||||
child{ node {Ressourcen Verfügbar}}
|
||||
child{ node {Sicherheit}}
|
||||
child{ node{Fariness}}
|
||||
child{node{Robustheit / Überlastungsvermeidung}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child { node {Namens-vergabe}
|
||||
child{node{eindeutig bzgl allen existierenden}}
|
||||
child{node{nicht eindeutig bzgl allen}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child { node {Stammbaum-pflege}
|
||||
child{node{erzeugt Kinder}}
|
||||
child{node{baumartige Hierarchie}}
|
||||
child{node{Verwaiste Prozesse -> Adoption}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child { node {Allokation (von Ressourcen)}
|
||||
child{node{Arbeits-speicher}
|
||||
child{node{Größe}}
|
||||
child{node{Zeitpunkt}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child{node{Prozessorzeit}}
|
||||
child{node{Format}
|
||||
child{node{a.out (ehem UNIX)}}
|
||||
child{node{Mach Object (iOS)}}
|
||||
child{node{Executeable and Link(age/able) (Linux)}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child[concept color=red!30] { node {Prozess Management}
|
||||
child{node{Prozess-identifikation}}
|
||||
child{node{Scheduling}}
|
||||
child{node{Ereignis-management}}
|
||||
child{node{Rechte-management}}
|
||||
child{node{Speicher-management}}
|
||||
child{node{Prozessor-management}}
|
||||
child{node{Kommunikations-management}}
|
||||
child{node{Virtueller Adressraum}}
|
||||
child{node{allg Ressourcen Management}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child[concept color=green!30] { node {Prozessterminierung}
|
||||
child{node{durch}
|
||||
child{node{Aufgabe erledigt}}
|
||||
child{node{Fehler aufgetreten}}
|
||||
child{node{durch Nutzer geschlossen}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child{node{Folgen}
|
||||
child{node{Freigabe der Ressourcen}}
|
||||
child{node{Benachrichtigung der "Parents"}}
|
||||
child{node{Adoption der "Children"}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child[concept color=yellow!30] { node {Threads}
|
||||
child{node{sequenziell innerhalb eines Prozesses}}
|
||||
child{node{Kernel Level Thread}
|
||||
child{node{Implementiert im Betriebssystem}}
|
||||
child{node{Betriebssystem hat Kenntnis über Thread}}
|
||||
child{node{Multi-Thread-modell}}
|
||||
child{node{Performance durch Parallelität}}
|
||||
child{node{Nutzung von Mehrkern-architektur}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child{node{User Level Thread}
|
||||
child{node{Implementiert auf Anwendungsebene}}
|
||||
child{node{Kenntnis nur bei Endbenutzer}}
|
||||
child{node{Single-Thread-Modell}}
|
||||
child{node{Performance durch geringen Overhead}}
|
||||
child{node{management ohne systemaufrufe}}
|
||||
child{node{Individualität}}
|
||||
child{node{Portabilität}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
;
|
||||
\end{tikzpicture}
|
||||
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Scheduling
|
||||
\begin{tikzpicture}[ mindmap, grow cyclic, every node/.style=concept, concept color=green!40,
|
||||
level 1/.append style={level distance=4cm},
|
||||
level 2/.append style={level distance=3cm, sibling angle=30},
|
||||
every node/.append style={scale=0.8}]
|
||||
\node{Scheduling}
|
||||
child { node {Scheduler-aktivierung}}
|
||||
child { node {Scheduling Strategien}
|
||||
child { node {Batch-System}}
|
||||
child { node {Interaktives System}}
|
||||
};
|
||||
\end{tikzpicture}
|
||||
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Privilegierungsebenen
|
||||
\begin{tikzpicture}[ mindmap, grow cyclic, every node/.style=concept, concept color=blue!40,
|
||||
level 1/.append style={level distance=4cm},
|
||||
level 2/.append style={level distance=3cm, sibling angle=30},
|
||||
every node/.append style={scale=0.8}]
|
||||
\node{Privilegierungsebenen};
|
||||
\end{tikzpicture}
|
||||
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Kommunikation und Synchronisation
|
||||
\begin{tikzpicture}[ mindmap, grow cyclic, every node/.style=concept, concept color=yellow!40,
|
||||
level 1/.append style={level distance=4cm},
|
||||
level 2/.append style={level distance=3cm, sibling angle=30},
|
||||
every node/.append style={scale=0.8}]
|
||||
\node{Kommunikation und \\Synchronisation}
|
||||
child { node {Elementare Konzepte}}
|
||||
child { node {wechselseitiger Ausschluss}}
|
||||
child { node {Mechanismen}
|
||||
child { node {(binäre) Semaphore}}
|
||||
child { node {Hoare'sche Monitore}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child { node {weitere}
|
||||
child { node {Trans-aktionaler Speicher}}
|
||||
child { node {Botschaften}}
|
||||
child { node {Fernaufrufe (Remote Procedure Calls)}}
|
||||
child { node {System-aufrufe}}
|
||||
child { node {Ereignis-management}}
|
||||
child { node {IPC Modell}}
|
||||
child { node {pop-up-Thread-Modell}}
|
||||
};
|
||||
\end{tikzpicture}
|
||||
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Speichermanagement
|
||||
\begin{tikzpicture}[ mindmap, grow cyclic, every node/.style=concept, concept color=orange!40,
|
||||
level 1/.append style={level distance=4cm},
|
||||
level 2/.append style={level distance=3cm, sibling angle=30},
|
||||
every node/.append style={scale=0.8}]
|
||||
\node{Speichermanagement}
|
||||
child { node {Speichertechnologien }}
|
||||
child { node {Speicherklassen}}
|
||||
child { node {Relokation}}
|
||||
child { node {Swapping}}
|
||||
child { node {Virtueller Speicher}
|
||||
child { node {Virtuelles Speichermanagement}}
|
||||
child { node {Begriffe}}
|
||||
child { node {Abbildung}}
|
||||
child { node {Memory Management Units}}
|
||||
child { node {Seiten-abbildungs-tabellen}}
|
||||
child { node {Seitenaustausch-Algorithmen}
|
||||
child { node {FIFO}}
|
||||
child { node {Second Chance}}
|
||||
child { node {Least Recently Used}}
|
||||
child { node {Working Set}}
|
||||
child { node {WSClock}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child { node {Segmentierung}}
|
||||
;
|
||||
\end{tikzpicture}
|
||||
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Dateisystem
|
||||
\begin{tikzpicture}[ mindmap, grow cyclic, every node/.style=concept, concept color=lime!40,
|
||||
level 1/.append style={level distance=4cm},
|
||||
level 2/.append style={level distance=3cm, sibling angle=30},
|
||||
every node/.append style={scale=0.8}]
|
||||
\node{Dateisystem}
|
||||
child { node {Dateimodelle}
|
||||
child { node {Abstraktion Datei}}
|
||||
child { node {symbolischer Namen}}
|
||||
child { node {Datei-Attribute}}
|
||||
child { node {Operationen auf Dateien}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child { node {Dateisysteme}
|
||||
child { node {Speichermedien}}
|
||||
child { node {Management-Datenstrukturen}
|
||||
child { node {Verzeichnisse}}
|
||||
child { node {Freiliste}}
|
||||
child { node {Superblock}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
child { node {Datenstrukturen u. Algorithmen}}
|
||||
;
|
||||
\end{tikzpicture}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end{document}
|
@ -4,6 +4,89 @@ date: Wintersemester 20/21
|
||||
author: Robert Jeutter
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
- [Einführung](#einführung)
|
||||
- [Extrem breites Anwendungsspektrum](#extrem-breites-anwendungsspektrum)
|
||||
- [Funktionale und nicht-Funktionale Eigenschaften](#funktionale-und-nicht-funktionale-eigenschaften)
|
||||
- [Funktionale Eigenschaften (= Funktionen, Aufgaben)](#funktionale-eigenschaften--funktionen-aufgaben)
|
||||
- [Nichtfunktionale Eigenschaften](#nichtfunktionale-eigenschaften)
|
||||
- [Blick in Betriebssystem-Zoo](#blick-in-betriebssystem-zoo)
|
||||
- [Prozessormanagement: Prozesse und Threads](#prozessormanagement-prozesse-und-threads)
|
||||
- [Grundsätzliches](#grundsätzliches)
|
||||
- [Prozesserzeugung](#prozesserzeugung)
|
||||
- [Was geschieht bei der Prozesserzeugung](#was-geschieht-bei-der-prozesserzeugung)
|
||||
- [Prozesserzeugung: notwenige Vorraussetzungen](#prozesserzeugung-notwenige-vorraussetzungen)
|
||||
- [Prozesserzeugung: Namensvergabe](#prozesserzeugung-namensvergabe)
|
||||
- [Prozesserzeugung: Stammbaumpflege](#prozesserzeugung-stammbaumpflege)
|
||||
- [Prozesserzeugung: Allokation (Zuordnung) von Ressourcen](#prozesserzeugung-allokation-zuordnung-von-ressourcen)
|
||||
- [Prozesserzeugung: Management Datenstrukturen](#prozesserzeugung-management-datenstrukturen)
|
||||
- [Aktionen des Prozessmanagements](#aktionen-des-prozessmanagements)
|
||||
- [Prozessterminierung](#prozessterminierung)
|
||||
- [Threads](#threads)
|
||||
- [Scheduling](#scheduling)
|
||||
- [Das Problem](#das-problem)
|
||||
- [Aufgabe der Zustandsmodelle](#aufgabe-der-zustandsmodelle)
|
||||
- [Scheduleraktivierung](#scheduleraktivierung)
|
||||
- [Scheduling Strategien](#scheduling-strategien)
|
||||
- [Batch-System („Stapelverarbeitungs“-System)](#batch-system-stapelverarbeitungs-system)
|
||||
- [Interaktives System](#interaktives-system)
|
||||
- [Einbeziehung von Prioritäten](#einbeziehung-von-prioritäten)
|
||||
- [Schedulingziele in Echtzeitsystemen](#schedulingziele-in-echtzeitsystemen)
|
||||
- [Zusammenfassung](#zusammenfassung)
|
||||
- [Privilegierungsebenen](#privilegierungsebenen)
|
||||
- [Kommunikation und Synchronisation](#kommunikation-und-synchronisation)
|
||||
- [Elementare Konzepte](#elementare-konzepte)
|
||||
- [Algorithmen zum wechselseitigen Ausschluss](#algorithmen-zum-wechselseitigen-ausschluss)
|
||||
- [Synchronisations- & Kommunikationsmechanismen](#synchronisations---kommunikationsmechanismen)
|
||||
- [(binäre) Semaphore](#binäre-semaphore)
|
||||
- [Hoare'sche Monitore](#hoaresche-monitore)
|
||||
- [weitere Konzepte](#weitere-konzepte)
|
||||
- [Transaktionaler Speicher](#transaktionaler-speicher)
|
||||
- [Botschaften](#botschaften)
|
||||
- [Fernaufrufe (Remote Procedure Calls, RPCs)](#fernaufrufe-remote-procedure-calls-rpcs)
|
||||
- [Systemaufrufe](#systemaufrufe)
|
||||
- [Ereignismanagement](#ereignismanagement)
|
||||
- [IPC Modell](#ipc-modell)
|
||||
- [pop-up-Thread-Modell](#pop-up-thread-modell)
|
||||
- [Implementierungstechniken](#implementierungstechniken)
|
||||
- [Zusammenfassung](#zusammenfassung-1)
|
||||
- [Speichermanagement](#speichermanagement)
|
||||
- [Speichertechnologien und -klassen](#speichertechnologien-und--klassen)
|
||||
- [Was muss Arbeitsspeicher können?](#was-muss-arbeitsspeicher-können)
|
||||
- [Layout des (physischen) Arbeitsspeichers: 50er Jahre](#layout-des-physischen-arbeitsspeichers-50er-jahre)
|
||||
- [Layout des physischen Arbeitsspeichers: 60er Jahre](#layout-des-physischen-arbeitsspeichers-60er-jahre)
|
||||
- [Relokation](#relokation)
|
||||
- [Swapping](#swapping)
|
||||
- [Virtueller Speicher](#virtueller-speicher)
|
||||
- [Virtuelles Speichermanagement (VMM)](#virtuelles-speichermanagement-vmm)
|
||||
- [Begriffe](#begriffe)
|
||||
- [Abbildung $vm_p$](#abbildung-vm_p)
|
||||
- [Memory Management Units (MMUs)](#memory-management-units-mmus)
|
||||
- [Seitenabbildungstabellen](#seitenabbildungstabellen)
|
||||
- [Seitenaustausch-Algorithmen](#seitenaustausch-algorithmen)
|
||||
- [First-In , First-Out (FIFO)](#first-in--first-out-fifo)
|
||||
- [Second Chance (Variante des FIFO-Algorithmus)](#second-chance-variante-des-fifo-algorithmus)
|
||||
- [Least Recently Used (LRU)](#least-recently-used-lru)
|
||||
- [Working Set](#working-set)
|
||||
- [WSClock](#wsclock)
|
||||
- [Zusammenfassung](#zusammenfassung-2)
|
||||
- [Segmentierung](#segmentierung)
|
||||
- [VMM- Abstraktionen in der Praxis](#vmm--abstraktionen-in-der-praxis)
|
||||
- [Zusammenfassung](#zusammenfassung-3)
|
||||
- [Dateisystem](#dateisystem)
|
||||
- [Dateimodelle](#dateimodelle)
|
||||
- [Aufgabe: Präzise Festlegung der Semantik der Abstraktion „Datei“](#aufgabe-präzise-festlegung-der-semantik-der-abstraktion-datei)
|
||||
- [Aufgabe: Identifikation von Dateien mittels symbolischer Namen](#aufgabe-identifikation-von-dateien-mittels-symbolischer-namen)
|
||||
- [Datei-Attribute](#datei-attribute)
|
||||
- [Operationen auf Dateien](#operationen-auf-dateien)
|
||||
- [Zusammenfassung Dateimodelle](#zusammenfassung-dateimodelle)
|
||||
- [Dateisysteme](#dateisysteme)
|
||||
- [Speichermedien](#speichermedien)
|
||||
- [Management-Datenstrukturen auf Speichermedien](#management-datenstrukturen-auf-speichermedien)
|
||||
- [Verzeichnisse](#verzeichnisse)
|
||||
- [Freiliste](#freiliste)
|
||||
- [Superblock](#superblock)
|
||||
- [Datenstrukturen u. Algorithmen des Betriebssystems](#datenstrukturen-u-algorithmen-des-betriebssystems)
|
||||
|
||||
# Einführung
|
||||
worauf es ankommt:
|
||||
- Korrektheit
|
||||
@ -78,12 +161,6 @@ Wie - mit welchen speziellen weiteren Eigenschaften sollen die funktionalen Eige
|
||||
- in Fahrzeugen, Kaffeemaschinen, Telefonen...
|
||||
- z.T. Spezialaufgaben
|
||||
|
||||
## Grundbegriffe
|
||||
- Wo sind Betriebssysteme zu finden?
|
||||
- Welches Spektrum decken sie ab?
|
||||
- Welche Arten von Betriebssystemen gibt es?
|
||||
- Welche funktionalen und nichtfunktionalen Eigenschaften spielen dabei eine Rolle?
|
||||
|
||||
# Prozessormanagement: Prozesse und Threads
|
||||
## Grundsätzliches
|
||||
1. Computer bearbeiten Aufgaben in wohldefinierten Arbeitsabläufen (beschrieben durch Programme/Algorithmen)
|
||||
|
@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ Unterlagen zu Informatik Vorlesungen der TU Ilmenau
|
||||
- [Flashcards - Karteikarten für Definitionen](Automaten,%20Sprachen%20und%20Komplexität%20-%20Flashcards.pdf) (ongoing)
|
||||
- [Mind Map](Automaten,%20Sprachen%20und%20Komplexität%20-%20MindMap.pdf) (ongoing)
|
||||
- [Betriebssysteme](Betriebssysteme.md) (ongoing)
|
||||
- [Flashcards/Karteikarten](Betriebssysteme%20-%20Flashcards.pdf)(ongoing)
|
||||
- [Mind Map](Betriebssysteme%20-%20MindMap.pdf) (ongoing)
|
||||
- [Fragenkatalog](Betriebssysteme%20-%20Fragen.md)
|
||||
- [Computergrafik](Computergrafik.md) (ongoing)
|
||||
- [Computergrafik Cheatsheet](Computergrafik%20-%20Cheatsheet.pdf) (work in progress)
|
||||
@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ Unterlagen zu Informatik Vorlesungen der TU Ilmenau
|
||||
- [Softwaretechnik](Softwaretechnik.md) (ongoing)
|
||||
- [MindMap](Softwaretechnik%20-%20MindMap.pdf) (ongoing)
|
||||
- [Seminar](Softwaretechnik%20-%20Seminar.pdf) (ongoing)
|
||||
- [Beispiel Flowchart](Softwaretechnik%20Flowchart.tex)
|
||||
- [Stochastik](Stochastik.md) (ongoing)
|
||||
- [Telematik 1](Telematik%201.md)
|
||||
- [Telematik Cheatsheet](Telematik1-cheatsheet.pdf)
|
||||
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user