From afe165089d508627ff028e5a6a6004e93833d543 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Robert Jeutter <robert.jeutter@gmx.de>
Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 15:36:34 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] starting go by example

---
 5-go-by-example/1-hello-world.go |  7 ++++
 5-go-by-example/10-maps.go       | 36 +++++++++++++++++++
 5-go-by-example/2-values.go      | 19 ++++++++++
 5-go-by-example/3-variables.go   | 25 +++++++++++++
 5-go-by-example/4-constants.go   | 26 ++++++++++++++
 5-go-by-example/5-for.go         | 34 ++++++++++++++++++
 5-go-by-example/6-if-else.go     | 27 ++++++++++++++
 5-go-by-example/7-switch.go      | 55 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5-go-by-example/8-arrays.go      | 33 ++++++++++++++++++
 5-go-by-example/9-slices.go      | 60 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5-go-by-example/readme.md        | 18 ++++++++++
 11 files changed, 340 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 5-go-by-example/1-hello-world.go
 create mode 100644 5-go-by-example/10-maps.go
 create mode 100644 5-go-by-example/2-values.go
 create mode 100644 5-go-by-example/3-variables.go
 create mode 100644 5-go-by-example/4-constants.go
 create mode 100644 5-go-by-example/5-for.go
 create mode 100644 5-go-by-example/6-if-else.go
 create mode 100644 5-go-by-example/7-switch.go
 create mode 100644 5-go-by-example/8-arrays.go
 create mode 100644 5-go-by-example/9-slices.go
 create mode 100644 5-go-by-example/readme.md

diff --git a/5-go-by-example/1-hello-world.go b/5-go-by-example/1-hello-world.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c048119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/5-go-by-example/1-hello-world.go
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+func main() {
+	fmt.Println("hello world")
+}
diff --git a/5-go-by-example/10-maps.go b/5-go-by-example/10-maps.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33c7ad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/5-go-by-example/10-maps.go
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+// Maps are Go’s built-in associative data type
+func main() {
+
+	// create an empty map, use the builtin: make(map[key-type]val-type).
+	m := make(map[string]int)
+
+	// set key/value pairs using typical name[key]=val syntax
+	m["k1"] = 7
+	m["k2"] = 13
+
+	// printing a map will show all of its key/value pairs
+	fmt.Println("map:", m)
+
+	// get a value for a key with name[key]
+	v1 := m["k1"]
+	fmt.Println("v1: ", v1)
+
+	// len returns the number of key/value pairs
+	fmt.Println("len:", len(m))
+
+	// delete removes key/value pairs
+	delete(m, "k2")
+	fmt.Println("map:", m)
+
+	// optional second return value when getting a value from a map indicates if the key was present in the map
+	_, prs := m["k2"]
+	fmt.Println("prs:", prs)
+
+	// declare and initialize a new map in the same line
+	n := map[string]int{"foo": 1, "bar": 2}
+	fmt.Println("map:", n)
+}
diff --git a/5-go-by-example/2-values.go b/5-go-by-example/2-values.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7fe10c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/5-go-by-example/2-values.go
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+func main() {
+	// Strings
+	fmt.Println("go" + "lang")
+
+	// Integers
+	fmt.Println("1+1 =", 1+1)
+
+	// Floats
+	fmt.Println("7.0/3.0 =", 7.0/3.0)
+
+	//Boolean with operators
+	fmt.Println(true && false)
+	fmt.Println(true || false)
+	fmt.Println(!true)
+}
diff --git a/5-go-by-example/3-variables.go b/5-go-by-example/3-variables.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2adac80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/5-go-by-example/3-variables.go
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+func main() {
+	// var declares 1 or more variables
+	var a = "initial"
+	fmt.Println(a)
+
+	// here are multiple variables declared
+	var b, c int = 1, 2
+	fmt.Println(b, c)
+
+	// go infers the type of initialized variables
+	var d = true
+	fmt.Println(d)
+
+	// Variables declared without a corresponding initialization are zero-valued
+	var e int
+	fmt.Println(e)
+
+	// shorthand for declaring and initializing a variable
+	f := "apple"
+	fmt.Println(f)
+}
diff --git a/5-go-by-example/4-constants.go b/5-go-by-example/4-constants.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b993cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/5-go-by-example/4-constants.go
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+)
+
+// const declares a constant value.
+const s string = "constant"
+
+func main() {
+	fmt.Println(s)
+
+	// can appear anywhere a var statement can
+	const n = 500000000
+
+	// expressions perform arithmetic with arbitrary precision
+	const d = 3e20 / n
+	fmt.Println(d)
+
+	// numeric constants have no type until it’s given one
+	fmt.Println(int64(d))
+
+	// numbers can be given a type by using it in a context that requires one
+	fmt.Println(math.Sin(n))
+}
diff --git a/5-go-by-example/5-for.go b/5-go-by-example/5-for.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fd24d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/5-go-by-example/5-for.go
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+// for is Go’s only looping construct
+
+func main() {
+
+	// basic type with a single condition
+	i := 1
+	for i <= 3 {
+		fmt.Println(i)
+		i = i + 1
+	}
+
+	// classic initial/condition/after
+	for j := 7; j <= 9; j++ {
+		fmt.Println(j)
+	}
+
+	// without a condition will loop repeatedly until break or return
+	for {
+		fmt.Println("loop")
+		break
+	}
+
+	// continue to the next iteration
+	for n := 0; n <= 5; n++ {
+		if n%2 == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		fmt.Println(n)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/5-go-by-example/6-if-else.go b/5-go-by-example/6-if-else.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9406c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/5-go-by-example/6-if-else.go
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+func main() {
+
+	// basic
+	if 7%2 == 0 {
+		fmt.Println("7 is even")
+	} else {
+		fmt.Println("7 is odd")
+	}
+
+	// if statement without an else
+	if 8%4 == 0 {
+		fmt.Println("8 is divisible by 4")
+	}
+
+	// statements can precede conditionals; any variables declared in this statement are available in all branches
+	if num := 9; num < 0 {
+		fmt.Println(num, "is negative")
+	} else if num < 10 {
+		fmt.Println(num, "has 1 digit")
+	} else {
+		fmt.Println(num, "has multiple digits")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/5-go-by-example/7-switch.go b/5-go-by-example/7-switch.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00b3adb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/5-go-by-example/7-switch.go
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func main() {
+
+	// basic
+	i := 2
+	fmt.Print("Write ", i, " as ")
+	switch i {
+	case 1:
+		fmt.Println("one")
+	case 2:
+		fmt.Println("two")
+	case 3:
+		fmt.Println("three")
+	}
+
+	// use commas to separate multiple expressions in the same case statement
+	// also default case is used
+	switch time.Now().Weekday() {
+	case time.Saturday, time.Sunday:
+		fmt.Println("It's the weekend")
+	default:
+		fmt.Println("It's a weekday")
+	}
+
+	// switch without an expression is an alternate way to express if/else logic
+	t := time.Now()
+	switch {
+	case t.Hour() < 12:
+		fmt.Println("It's before noon")
+	default:
+		fmt.Println("It's after noon")
+	}
+
+	// type switch compares types instead of values
+	// here it discovers the type of an interface value
+	whatAmI := func(i interface{}) {
+		switch t := i.(type) {
+		case bool:
+			fmt.Println("I'm a bool")
+		case int:
+			fmt.Println("I'm an int")
+		default:
+			fmt.Printf("Don't know type %T\n", t)
+		}
+	}
+	whatAmI(true)
+	whatAmI(1)
+	whatAmI("hey")
+}
diff --git a/5-go-by-example/8-arrays.go b/5-go-by-example/8-arrays.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2acebf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/5-go-by-example/8-arrays.go
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+// an array is a numbered sequence of elements of a specific length
+func main() {
+
+	// array a that will hold exactly 5 ints
+	var a [5]int
+	fmt.Println("emp:", a)
+
+	// set/get a value at an index using the array[index]=value syntax
+	a[4] = 100
+	fmt.Println("set:", a)
+	fmt.Println("get:", a[4])
+
+	// builtin len returns the length of an array
+	fmt.Println("len:", len(a))
+
+	// declare and initialize an array in one line
+	b := [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+	fmt.Println("dcl:", b)
+
+	// Array types are one-dimensional
+	// compose types to build multi-dimensional data structures
+	var twoD [2][3]int
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		for j := 0; j < 3; j++ {
+			twoD[i][j] = i + j
+		}
+	}
+	fmt.Println("2d: ", twoD)
+}
diff --git a/5-go-by-example/9-slices.go b/5-go-by-example/9-slices.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9f004b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/5-go-by-example/9-slices.go
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+// Slices are a key data type in Go, giving a more powerful interface to sequences than arrays
+func main() {
+
+	// slices are typed only by the elements they contain (not the number of elements)
+	// Here make a slice of strings of length 3 (initially zero-valued)
+	s := make([]string, 3)
+	fmt.Println("emp:", s)
+
+	// set and get like with arrays
+	s[0] = "a"
+	s[1] = "b"
+	s[2] = "c"
+	fmt.Println("set:", s)
+	fmt.Println("get:", s[2])
+
+	// len returns the length of the slice as expected
+	fmt.Println("len:", len(s))
+
+	// returns a slice containing one or more new values
+	s = append(s, "d")
+	s = append(s, "e", "f")
+	fmt.Println("apd:", s)
+
+	// create an empty slice c of the same length as s and copy into c from s
+	c := make([]string, len(s))
+	copy(c, s)
+	fmt.Println("cpy:", c)
+
+	// Slices support operators with the syntax slice[low:high]
+	l := s[2:5]
+	fmt.Println("sl1:", l)
+
+	// slices up to (but excluding) s[5]
+	l = s[:5]
+	fmt.Println("sl2:", l)
+
+	// slices up from (and including) s[2]
+	l = s[2:]
+	fmt.Println("sl3:", l)
+
+	// declare and initialize a variable for slice in a single line
+	t := []string{"g", "h", "i"}
+	fmt.Println("dcl:", t)
+
+	// Slices can be composed into multi-dimensional data structures
+	// The length of the inner slices can vary, unlike with multi-dimensional arrays
+	twoD := make([][]int, 3)
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		innerLen := i + 1
+		twoD[i] = make([]int, innerLen)
+		for j := 0; j < innerLen; j++ {
+			twoD[i][j] = i + j
+		}
+	}
+	fmt.Println("2d: ", twoD)
+}
diff --git a/5-go-by-example/readme.md b/5-go-by-example/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cfd09b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/5-go-by-example/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Go by example
+Go has different learning paths of which one is [Go by example](https://gobyexample.com/).
+
+Here are all files with notations and more.
+
+How to use the files:
+```bash
+# compile and run in the folder
+go run <filename>.go
+
+# build binary from file; after that run binary
+go build <filename>.go
+./<filename>
+```
+
+
+The code and structure is work of Mark McGranaghan and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
+The Go Gopher is copyright Renée French. The original repository can be found on [Github](https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample)
\ No newline at end of file