82 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
82 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
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# Camera
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Most models of the RPi have a camera port but pay attention as the RPi Zero has a smaller port and needs a smaller ribbon cable.
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There are two types of camera modules:
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- standard: take pictures in normal light
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- NoIR: without infrared filter, you can take pictures in the dark with an infrared light source
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## Connect the module
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1. look for the camera module port on your RPi
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2. pull up the edges of the ports plastic clip
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3. insert the camera ribbon cable and make sure the contacts face the ribbon cable connectors
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4. push down the plastic clip into place
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## Activate your camera
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Power up your RPi and start the config tool with `sudo raspi-config`. Scroll down to "enable camera" and set it to "Yes". Now restart your RPi to load all librarys.
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## Taking pictures from cli
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Raspbian has it's own librarys to interact with the camera. To take pictures you can use the command `raspistill`. Here is a little list of what is possible:
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- Take a jpg picture (standard): `raspistill -o image.jpg`
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- Take a png picture (or bmp/gif): `raspistill -o image.png -e png`
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- Take a picture without preview: `raspistill -o image.jpg -n`
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- Wait 3000ms to take the picture: `raspistill -o image.jpg -t 3000`
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- set the width and height of the picture: `raspistill -o image.jpg -w 640 -h 480`
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- set the quality of the picture (from 0 to 100%): `raspistill -o image.jpg -q 20`
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- take a series of pictures all 5 seconds for a whole hour (3600000 seconds): `raspistill -o image_%04d.jpg -tl 5000 -t 3600000` (later you can stick it together with ffmpeg to get a movie)
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## Taking videos from cli
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Next to pictures you can take videos
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- take a video for 5 seconds: `raspivid -o video.h264 -t 50000` (to never end set t to 0)
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- set width and height: `raspivid -o video.h264 -t 50000 -w 1280 -h 720`
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- set the bitrate: `raspivid -o video.h264 -t 50000 -b 3500000`
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- set the framerate: `raspivid -o video.h264 -t 50000 -f 10`
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- send the video stream to sdtout: `raspivid -t 50000 -o - `
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To convert videos from H264 to mp4 you can use gpac:
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```bash
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sudo apt-get install gpac
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MP4Box -fps 30 -add video.h264 video.mp4
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```
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## Control the camera with python
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You can control your camera using python libraries (preinstalled on Raspbian).
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Open an editor and paste the following, save it like `camera.py`.
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```python
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from picamera import PiCamera
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from time import sleep
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camera = PiCamera()
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camera.start_preview()
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sleep(5)
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camera.stop_preview()
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```
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The camera should be shown 5 seconds and then close.
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There are several functions/filters you can use:
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- Rotate (in degree): `camera.rotation = 180`
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- Make the camera preview see-through by setting an alpha level: `camera.start_preview(alpha=200)`
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- Take a picture (it’s important to sleep for at least two seconds before capturing an image because this gives the camera’s sensor time to sense the light levels)
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```python
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camera.start_preview()
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sleep(5)
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camera.capture('/home/pi/Desktop/image.jpg')
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camera.stop_preview()
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```
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- record a video:
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```python
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camera.start_recording('/home/pi/Desktop/video.h264')
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sleep(5)
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camera.stop_recording()
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```
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- change the resolution: `camera.resolution = (2592, 1944)`
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- maximum resolution is 2592x1944 for still photos,
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- maximum resolution is 1920x1080 for video recording,
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- minimum resolution is 64x64
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- change the framerate: `camera.framerate = 15`
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- 0 is minimum
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- 15 is maximum
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- add text to your image: `camera.annotate_text = "Hello world!"`
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# Source and more
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[RaspberryPi.com](https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html)
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